PPL.VI.A — Pilotage and Dead Reckoning

Objective: To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with pilotage and dead reckoning.

Knowledge

The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

• PA.VI.A.K1Pilotage and dead reckoning.
• PA.VI.A.K2Magnetic compass errors.
• PA.VI.A.K3Topography.
• PA.VI.A.K4Selection of appropriate:
  • PA.VI.A.K4aa. Route
  • PA.VI.A.K4bb. Altitude(s)
  • PA.VI.A.K4cc. Checkpoints
• PA.VI.A.K5Plotting a course, to include:
  • PA.VI.A.K5aa. Determining heading, speed, and course
  • PA.VI.A.K5bb. Wind correction angle
  • PA.VI.A.K5cc. Estimating time, speed, and distance
  • PA.VI.A.K5dd. True airspeed and density altitude
• PA.VI.A.K6Power setting selection.
• PA.VI.A.K7Planned versus actual flight plan calculations and required corrections.

Risk Management

The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:

• PA.VI.A.R1Collision hazards, to include aircraft, terrain, obstacles, and wires.
• PA.VI.A.R2Distractions, loss of situational awareness, and/or improper task management

Skills

The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

• PA.VI.A.S1Prepare and use a flight log.
• PA.VI.A.S2Navigate by pilotage.
• PA.VI.A.S3Navigate by means of pre-computed headings, groundspeeds, and elapsed time.
• PA.VI.A.S4Demonstrate use of the magnetic direction indicator in navigation, to include turns to headings.
• PA.VI.A.S5Verify position within three nautical miles of the flight-planned route.
• PA.VI.A.S6Arrive at the en route checkpoints within five minutes of the initial or revised estimated time of arrival (ETA) and provide a destination estimate.
• PA.VI.A.S7Maintain the appropriate altitude, ±200 feet and heading, ±15°.