PPL.IV.B — Normal Approach and Landing

Objective: To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with a normal approach and landing with emphasis on proper use and coordination of flight controls.

Knowledge

The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

• PA.IV.B.K1A stabilized approach, to include energy management concepts.
• PA.IV.B.K2Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach and landing performance.
• PA.IV.B.K3Wind correction techniques on approach and landing.

Risk Management

The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:

• PA.IV.B.R1Selection of runway based on pilot capability, airplane performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
• PA.IV.B.R2Effects of:
  • PA.IV.B.R2aa. Crosswind
  • PA.IV.B.R2ae. Runway surface/condition
  • PA.IV.B.R2bb. Windshear
  • PA.IV.B.R2cc. Tailwind
  • PA.IV.B.R2dd. Wake turbulence
• PA.IV.B.R3Planning for:
  • PA.IV.B.R3aa. Go-around and rejected landing
  • PA.IV.B.R3bb. Land and hold short operations (LAHSO)
• PA.IV.B.R4Collision hazards, to include aircraft, vehicles, vessels, persons, wildlife, terrain, obstacles, and wires.
• PA.IV.B.R5Low altitude maneuvering including stall, spin, or CFIT.
• PA.IV.B.R6Distractions, loss of situational awareness, and/or improper task management

Skills

The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

• PA.IV.B.S1Complete the appropriate checklist.
• PA.IV.B.S2Make radio calls as appropriate.
• PA.IV.B.S3Ensure the airplane is aligned with the correct/assigned runway or landing surface.
• PA.IV.B.S4Scan runway or landing surface and the adjoining area for traffic and obstructions.
• PA.IV.B.S5Consider the wind conditions, landing surface, obstructions, and select a suitable touchdown point.
• PA.IV.B.S6Establish the recommended approach and landing configuration and airspeed, and adjust pitch attitude and power as required to maintain a stabilized approach.
• PA.IV.B.S7Maintain manufacturer’s published approach airspeed or in its absence not more than 1.3 VSO, +10/-5 knots with gust factor applied.
• PA.IV.B.S8Maintain crosswind correction and directional control throughout the approach and landing.
• PA.IV.B.S9Make smooth, timely, and correct control application during round out and touchdown.
• PA.IV.B.S10Touch down at a proper pitch attitude, within 400 feet beyond or on the specified point, with no side drift, and with the airplane’s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.
• PA.IV.B.S11Execute a timely go-around if the approach cannot be made within the tolerances specified above or for any other condition that may result in an unsafe approach or landing.
• PA.IV.B.S12Utilize runway incursion avoidance procedures.