PPL.VIII.D — Turns to Headings

Objective: To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with attitude instrument flying during turns to headings solely by reference to instruments.

Knowledge

The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

• PA.VIII.D.K1Flight instruments as related to:
  • PA.VIII.D.K1aa. Sensitivity, limitations, and potential errors in unusual attitudes
  • PA.VIII.D.K1bb. Correlation (pitch instruments/bank instruments)
  • PA.VIII.D.K1cc. Function and operation
  • PA.VIII.D.K1dd. Proper instrument cross-check techniques

Risk Management

The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:

• PA.VIII.D.R1Instrument flying hazards to include failure to maintain VFR, spatial disorientation, loss of control, fatigue, stress, and emergency off airport landings.
• PA.VIII.D.R2Failure to seek assistance or declare an emergency in a deteriorating situation.
• PA.VIII.D.R3Collision hazards, to include aircraft, terrain, obstacles, and wires.
• PA.VIII.D.R4Distractions, loss of situational awareness, and/or improper task management.

Skills

The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

• PA.VIII.D.S1Demonstrate turns to headings, maintain altitude ±200 feet, maintain a standard rate turn, roll out on the assigned heading ±10°, and maintain airspeed ±10 knots.