PPL.VIII.A — Straight-and-Level Flight

Objective: To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with flying during straight-and-level flight solely by reference to instruments.

Knowledge

The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

• PA.VIII.A.K1Flight instruments as related to:
  • PA.VIII.A.K1aa. Sensitivity, limitations, and potential errors in unusual attitudes
  • PA.VIII.A.K1bb. Correlation (pitch instruments/bank instruments)
  • PA.VIII.A.K1cc. Function and operation
  • PA.VIII.A.K1dd. Proper instrument cross-check techniques

Risk Management

The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:

• PA.VIII.A.R1Instrument flying hazards to include failure to maintain VFR, spatial disorientation, loss of control, fatigue, stress, and emergency off airport landings.
• PA.VIII.A.R2Failure to seek assistance or declare an emergency in a deteriorating situation
• PA.VIII.A.R3Collision hazards, to include aircraft, terrain, obstacles, and wires.
• PA.VIII.A.R4Distractions, loss of situational awareness, and/or improper task management.

Skills

The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

• PA.VIII.A.S1Maintain straight-and-level flight using proper instrument cross-check and interpretation, and coordinated control application.
• PA.VIII.A.S2Maintain altitude ±200 feet, heading ±20°, and airspeed ±10 knots.