PPL.V.A — Steep Turns

Objective: To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with steep turns.

Knowledge

The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

• PA.V.A.K1Purpose of steep turns.
• PA.V.A.K2Aerodynamics associated with steep turns, to include:
  • PA.V.A.K2aa. Coordinated and uncoordinated flight
  • PA.V.A.K2bb. Overbanking tendencies
  • PA.V.A.K2cc. Maneuvering speed, including the impact of weight changes
  • PA.V.A.K2dd. Load factor and accelerated stalls
  • PA.V.A.K2ee. Rate and radius of turn

Risk Management

The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:

• PA.V.A.R1Maintain the entry altitude ±100 feet, airspeed ±10 knots, bank ±5°, and roll out on the entry heading ±10°.
• PA.V.A.R2Collision hazards, to include aircraft, terrain, obstacles, and wires.
• PA.V.A.R3Low altitude maneuvering including stall, spin, or CFIT.
• PA.V.A.R4Distractions, loss of situational awareness, and/or improper task management.
• PA.V.A.R5Failure to maintain coordinated flight.

Skills

The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

• PA.V.A.S1Clear the area.
• PA.V.A.S2Establish the manufacturer’s recommended airspeed; or if one is not available, a safe airspeed not to exceed VA
• PA.V.A.S3Roll into a coordinated 360° steep turn with approximately a 45° bank.
• PA.V.A.S4Perform the Task in the opposite direction, as specified by evaluator.
• PA.V.A.S5Maintain the entry altitude ±100 feet, airspeed ±10 knots, bank ±5°, and roll out on the entry heading ±10°.