PPL.IV.M — Forward Slip to a Landing

Objective: To determine that the applicant exhibits satisfactory knowledge, risk management, and skills associated with a forward slip to a landing.

Knowledge

The applicant demonstrates understanding of:

• PA.IV.M.K1Concepts of energy management during a forward slip approach.
• PA.IV.M.K2Effects of atmospheric conditions, including wind, on approach and landing performance.
• PA.IV.M.K3Wind correction techniques during forward slip.
• PA.IV.M.K4When and why a forward slip approach is used during an approach.

Risk Management

The applicant demonstrates the ability to identify, assess and mitigate risks, encompassing:

• PA.IV.M.R1Selection of runway or approach path and touchdown area based on pilot capability, airplane performance and limitations, available distance, and wind.
• PA.IV.M.R2Effects of:
  • PA.IV.M.R2aa. Crosswind
  • PA.IV.M.R2bb. Windshear
  • PA.IV.M.R2cc. Tailwind
  • PA.IV.M.R2dd. Wake turbulence
  • PA.IV.M.R2ee. Runway surface/condition
• PA.IV.M.R3Planning for go-around and rejected landing.
• PA.IV.M.R4Collision hazards, to include aircraft, vehicles, vessels, persons, wildlife, terrain, obstacles, and wires.
• PA.IV.M.R5Low altitude maneuvering including stall, spin, or CFIT.
• PA.IV.M.R6Distractions, loss of situational awareness, and/or improper task management.
• PA.IV.M.R7Forward slip operations, including fuel flowage, tail stalls with flaps, and lack of airspeed control.
• PA.IV.M.R8Surface contact with the airplane’s longitudinal axis misaligned.
• PA.IV.M.R9Unstable approach.

Skills

The applicant demonstrates the ability to:

• PA.IV.M.S1Complete the appropriate checklist.
• PA.IV.M.S2Make radio calls as appropriate
• PA.IV.M.S3Plan and follow a flightpath to the selected landing area considering altitude, wind, terrain, and obstructions.
• PA.IV.M.S4Select the most suitable touchdown point based on wind, landing surface, obstructions, and airplane limitations.
• PA.IV.M.S5Position airplane on downwind leg, parallel to landing runway.
• PA.IV.M.S6Configure the airplane correctly.
• PA.IV.M.S7As necessary, correlate crosswind with direction of forward slip and transition to side slip before touchdown.
• PA.IV.M.S8Touch down at a proper pitch attitude, within 400 feet beyond or on the specified point, with no side drift, and with the airplane’s longitudinal axis aligned with and over the runway center/landing path.
• PA.IV.M.S9Maintain a ground track aligned with the runway center/landing path.